# Industrial Ecology Blogs
> Industrial Ecology Blogs
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Append `.md` to any post or page URL to get the content in Markdown (for example, `/example-post.md`).

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## Posts
- [Articles for children](https://blog.indecol.no/articles-for-children.md) - We think that it is very important to communicate with and disseminate our findings to a varied audience. And that definitely includes the next generation! So we have written two new articles for children. One is about the danger of plastic pollution for animals in the ocean and the other one is ab…
- [Defense of second ATLANTIS PhD student](https://blog.indecol.no/defense-of-second-atlantis-phd-student.md) - On 31 October 2025 Philip Gjedde succesfully defended his PhD about including marine invasive species impacts into life cycle impact assessment. The defense also included a trial lecture with the title "Inclusion of biodiversity impacts from marine invasive species in maritime polices: Examples, un…
- [One Ocean Science Congress 2025](https://blog.indecol.no/one-ocean-science-congress-2025.md) - The ATLANTIS team was displaying our work across the globe again! Catherine, PhD candidate in ATLANTIS, had the pleasure of attending OOSC in Nice last June🌊. It was a full four days of intensive and essential ocean science aimed at protecting the ocean of tomorrow 🌍. Alongside 619 other scientis…
- [ESA 2025: IndEcol Presents State-of-the-Art Invasive Species Model](https://blog.indecol.no/esa-2025-indecol-presents-state-of-the-art-invasive-species-model-2.md) - We know of many environmental impacts of ocean plastic, from entanglement with marine life to microplastic pollution of food webs. But did you know that ocean plastic can help contribute to the spread of invasive species as well? Former MSc student Elisha Wilson has been working closely with ATLANT…
- [Green sea turtles stranding with derelict fishing lines: insights from a research collaboration in Hawai‘i](https://blog.indecol.no/green-sea-turtles-stranding-with-derelict-fishing-lines-insights-from-a-research-collaboration-in-hawaii.md) - Through research stays at the Center for Marine Debris Research (CMDR) in Hawai‘i, Marthe and Francesca got the opportunity to collaborate with scientists from local and national institutions on a paper that led to new insights on green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). The outcome of this collaboratio…
- [ATLANTIS involved in new museum exhibition](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-involved-in-new-museum-exhibition.md) - The NTNU University museum has opened a new exhibition on 31 January with the title “Framtiden er lys” (The Future is bright). How would the future look like if all people and policy-makers would take action against the looming climate and biodiversity crises today? The exhibition centers around th…
- [Disowning a Successful Policy to Pursue Retrograde Actions?](https://blog.indecol.no/conservativereversal.md) - Just five years ago, Europe’s big political families came together under the leadership of the then dominant conservative parties to pursue what is responsible, the phase-out of fossil fuels. Today, a dangerous reversal is underway.
- [The Ocean's Changing Landscape: Insights from the 2024 State of the Ocean Report](https://blog.indecol.no/the-oceans-changing-landscape-insights-from-the-2024-state-of-the-ocean-report.md) - Our oceans are undergoing significant changes, with pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss becoming increasingly urgent environmental issues. The State of the Ocean Report 2024, published by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), throws light on these challenges and em…
- [Who's that girl? New PhD in ATLANTIS](https://blog.indecol.no/whos-that-girl-new-phd-in-atlantis.md) - After working as a research assistant in ATLANTIS, I, Catherine Deschênes, am happy to announce that I have started a PhD in that same project. With ATLANTIS being extended a year until March 2026, an opportunity came up for me to step-up as a PhD in ATLANTIS. With a background in environmental che…
- [ATLANTIS Members Lead Two Events on Plastic Pollution](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-members-lead-two-events-on-plastic-pollution.md) - Earlier this month, members of the ATLANTIS project took part in two events related to plastic pollution. These events brought together researchers, PhD candidates, and the public to explore the impact of plastics on the environment and highlight the need for urgent interventions. The MAPLE Project…
- [Reducing GHG emissions from global buildings](https://blog.indecol.no/reducing-ghg-emissions-from-global-buildings.md) - Demand reduction, circular economy, and substitution offer complementary emission savings A new scenario analysis for the global building stock confirms quicker and deeper emission reductions from combining biogenic building materials, lightweighting, lifetime extension, reuse/recycling, and demand…
- [Climate protection and protection against climate change](https://blog.indecol.no/climate-protection-and-protection-against-climate-change.md) - Despite record summer heat and now record flooding, Austria's media seem to be more concerned about the costs than the benefits of climate protection. For electioneering politicians, climate action appears to be limited to crisis management. Pausing emission reductions, as they suggested before the…
- [Defense of first ATLANTIS PhD](https://blog.indecol.no/defense-of-first-atlantis-phd.md) - On Friday the 13th of September Marthe Alnes Høiberg defended her PhD thesis with the title “Towards inclusion of plastic pollution in Life Cycle Assessments: Impacts of entanglement from species to ecosystem quality level”. Marthe has written about the impacts of plastic entaglement within life cy…
- [New publication: Characterization Factors for plastic debris entanglement](https://blog.indecol.no/new-publication-cf.md) - We are excited to announce the publication of our latest research, "Disentangling marine plastic impacts in Life Cycle Assessment: Spatially explicit Characterization Factors for ecosystem quality" in Science of the Total Environment. While many studies have addressed and reported on different impa…
- [Publication: Effect factors for marine invasion impacts on biodiversity](https://blog.indecol.no/ef-marine-invasions.md) - Biological invasions are considered one of the five greatest drivers to biodiversity loss. In our new article, we assess a relative impact, globally and regionally. As a result we can map out sort of a "priority map".
- [ATLANTIS visits second graders](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-visits-second-graders.md) - Francesca Verones and Martin Dorber visited a second class in Trondheim to teach and inform about plastic and its environmental impacts. We talked about how plastics are made, how much is thrown away and what happens with the plastic that is not properly managed. The children were very engaged and…
- [Fossil Fuels Beyond Energy: Tracing fossil-based plastics, chemicals, and fertilizers production in China](https://blog.indecol.no/fossil-fuels-beyond-energy-tracing-fossil-based-plastics-chemicals-and-fertilizers-production-in-china.md) - by Meng Jiang and Edgar Hertwich Fossil Fuels Beyond Energy Fossil fuels (also referred to as fossil hydrocarbons), encompassing coal, oil, and natural gas, have long been recognized as key drivers of industrialization. Historically, around 90% of global fossil hydrocarbons have been used as fuels…
- [Monitoring Plastic Pollution in Frøya's Archipelago with AI](https://blog.indecol.no/monitoring-plastic-pollution-in-froyas-archipelago-with-ai.md) - In the peaceful waters of Frøya's Archipelago, located off the coast of Norway, a silent crisis unfolds: plastic is polluting hundreds of small islands. This newly initiated project in the archipelago seeks to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor and combat the plastic pollution washing…
- [Ocean Sciences Meeting 2024](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-and-the.md) - Every two years, the Ocean Sciences Meeting, co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), and The Oceanography Society (TOS), brings together the ocean community to exchange findings, foster connections among scientists world…
- [EU's climate target within reach thanks to the European Green Deal](https://blog.indecol.no/climate-policy-progress-and-unfinished-business-under-the-european-green-deal.md) - Naysayers argue nothing can be done about climate change. Anarchists argue emissions are fault of the economic system. Europe may be about to prove both sides wrong.
- [A global plastic treaty must include the fishing industry](https://blog.indecol.no/a-global-plastic-treaty-must-include-the-fishing-industry.md) - Plastic pollution is well reputed as a prevailing global environmental crisis, which has resulted in significant actions towards addressing the issue over the years, e.g., in the form of national bans on items such as plastic straws, bags and cutlery. These bans have typically targeted packaging an…
- [The Material and Carbon Footprint of Machinery Capital: A Dual Role in Climate Change](https://blog.indecol.no/the-material-and-carbon-footprint-of-machinery-capital-a-dual-role-in-climate-change.md) - by Meng Jiang and Edgar Hertwich Our world is increasingly mechanized, with machinery and equipment being integral to both industrial processes and our daily lives. From agricultural machines to advanced technology like graphics processors and renewable energy tools like solar panels, machinery is…
- [New publication out](https://blog.indecol.no/new-publication-out.md) - Plastic waste can not only lead to physical impacts, like entanglement or ingestion, but it is suspected, that it can also lead to toxic impacts. In this publication, Naiara Casagrande, affiliated with the ATLANTIS project, has developed effect factors for additives that are used in plastic product…
- [Knowledge gained on marine litter through beach cleanups](https://blog.indecol.no/knowledge-gained-on-marine-litter-through-beach-cleanups.md) - Our coasts and beaches are more than just beauty. They are home to many animals and plants. They also provide jobs and income for communities and people, such as fishermen, tour guides, and hotel owners. Despite of their importance, these ecosystems are under pressure from the huge amount of marine…
- [New ATLANTIS publication out](https://blog.indecol.no/new-atlantis-publication-out.md) - Our paper about the MarInvaders WebTool has finally been published in Ecosphere. We have built a tool to visualize the database that we compiled previously. We collected data for 966 aliens pecies for 225 marine ecoregions and also included over 1500 species that are threatened by invasive species.…
- ["Plastic day" / "Plastdagen" in Trondheim](https://blog.indecol.no/plastic-day-plastdagen-in-trondheim.md) - Guest author: Gabrielle Häberli Time: 12th of October 2023 Location: Dokkhuset, Trondheim. Plastics – incredibly useful Plastic is an umbrella term describing a wide range of materials often perceived as "non-natural". They date back more than 100 years although their production only really "took f…
- [Dagsvik silent on the detection limit of their instrument](https://blog.indecol.no/dagsvik-silent-on-the-sensitivity-of-their-method.md) - The suitability of their method to investigate the presence or absence of global warming has not been demonstrated.
- [Climate denial published by Statistics Norway](https://blog.indecol.no/climate-sceptic-talking-point-published-by-statistics-norway.md) - A discussion paper released by Statistics Norway contains standard talking-points of climate denial and a crude statistical model of selected temperature measurements which is unable to detect anything. Here I show how these points are flawed and point to sources of facts and scientific findings.
- [An emergency brake for the climate](https://blog.indecol.no/an-emergency-brake-for-the-climate.md) - To limit global heating to 1.5 degrees, the EU’s Climate Advisors recommend that Europe cuts 90-95% of carbon emissions by 2040 compared to 1990. Fossil fuels should be phased out as quickly as possible.
- [Experience from the research visit in Norway](https://blog.indecol.no/experience-from-the-research-visit-in-norway.md) - From May to August 2023, Naiara Casagrande was invited to join the Industrial Ecology Programme at NTNU as a visiting PhD student. Naiara is a Ph.D. student at NOVA University of Lisbon, in Portugal, and conducts research at the Marine Research and Environmental Risk Lab (MARlab), which is part of…
- [The ISIE2023 conference in Leiden](https://blog.indecol.no/isie2023-leiden.md) - People with interests in the field of Industrial Ecology from around the world gathered in the city of Leiden (Netherlands) from the 2nd to the 5th of July. They met for the conference set up by the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE). The overall theme was "transitions in a world o…
- [Norway's biodiversity footprint is unknown](https://blog.indecol.no/norwaysbiodiversityfootprint.md) - Edgar Hertwich argues that Øystein Sjølie's critique of a Sintef report on Norway's biodiversity footprints is partially correct and the footprints are unknown.
- [The Legacy Footprint of Capital](https://blog.indecol.no/the-legacy-footprint-of-capital.md) - by Ranran Wang and Edgar Hertwich Manufactured capital assets, such as buildings, machinery, and transport equipment, play a pivotal role in driving economic development and human progress. Yet, a common misconception pins greenhouse gas emissions and resource extractions mainly on short-term consu…
- [Lead authorship for upcoming IPBES report](https://blog.indecol.no/lead-authorship-for-upcoming-ipbes-report.md) - Francesca Verones was selected as lead author for the upcoming IPBES report on Biodiversity and business. This report aims to provide an assessment of the impacts, as well as the dependence, that businesses and biodiversity have. The goal is to identify methods and indicators with which these impac…
- [Why we love culture service of marine ecosystems?](https://blog.indecol.no/why-we-love-culture-service-of-marine-ecosystems.md) - Who would say no to a ticket leading to a holiday by the coast? Just imagine the gentle sea breeze, relaxing sunset, carefree seabirds: what a wonderful destination! Covering more than 70% of global surface, marine ecosystems do not only support us with provision service, but also provide culture s…
- [Carbon Footprint of Metals](https://blog.indecol.no/decomposition-analysis-of-the-carbon-footprint-of-primary-metals.md) - We have a new paper out titled Decomposition Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Primary Metals. Here is my attempt at explaining why you should care, what you should know, and what you can take away from it. Why should you care? Metals are omnipresent in our society and crucial for its functioning…
- [Group retreat and midterm evaluations of two ATLANTIS PhDs](https://blog.indecol.no/group-retreat-and-midterm-evaluations-of-two-atlantis-phds.md) - From 12-14 April 2023 the entire Industrial Ecology Programme went on a group retreat to Oppdal, approximately two hours away from Trondheim. Apart from team building and social activities, the aim was to hold the midterm evaluations of 8 PhD students of the Industrial Ecology Programme, among them…
- [Plastics: some history, benefits and challenges](https://blog.indecol.no/plastics-some-history-benefits-and-challenges.md) - Polymers have transformed our lives. We have been benefiting from them since approximately 1600 BC when natural rubber was first discovered[1]. A polymer is a material that consists of many repeated smaller subunits known as monomers. The way these monomers are arranged results in the formation of…
- [COP15 to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity: Quick history and relation to ATLANTIS](https://blog.indecol.no/cop15-to-the-un-convention-on-biological-diversity-quick-history-and-relation-to-atlantis.md) - Global biodiversity has declined rapidly in the past decades, the WWF’s Living Planet Report of 2022 stated that wildlife populations declined on average 69% since 1970. In light of this issue, the 15th meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP15) to the UN Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD)…
- [CONSENCE on the move!](https://blog.indecol.no/consence-on-the-move.md) - In 2022, the CONSENCE project was on the move. Literally! As the global coronavirus pandemic eased (-ish), came the first opportunity to attend conferences and share some of our first results! The first stop was the 32nd annual European meeting of SETAC (the Society of Environmental Toxicology and…
- [Research stay with the Center for Marine Debris Research](https://blog.indecol.no/research-stay-with-the-center-for-marine-debris-research.md) - During the fall semester of 2022, Marthe Høiberg got the opportunity to do a research stay with the Center for Marine Debris Research (CMDR) on Oahu, Hawai'i. The research center is part of Hawai'i Pacific University (HPU) and they conduct interdisciplinary research on plastic pollution in the fiel…
- [ATLANTIS at the EcoBalance 2022](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-at-the-ecobalance-2022-fukuoka.md) - EcoBalance is a conference held in Japan every second year since 1994, it has a strong focus on LCA and its application in industries. This year, the 15th EcoBalance, was hosted in Fukuoka, and themed ´Shifting Paradigms with Life Cycle Thinking´. Two members from the ATLANTIS project, me (Fei Song…
- [82nd Swiss LCA discussion forum on addressing the issue of plastic pollution: status quo and the way forward](https://blog.indecol.no/82nd-swiss-lca-discussion-forum-on-addressing-the-issue-of-plastic-pollution-status-quo-and-the-way-forward.md) - The ATLANTIS team organized the 82nd Swiss LCA discussion forum
- [Participation at the 7th International Marine Debris Conference (7IMDC)](https://blog.indecol.no/participation-at-the.md) - Naiara Casagrande, who is affiliated with ATLANTIS, attended the 7th International Marine Debris Conference (7IMDC) with a group of research from NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal. The conference took place from the 18th to the 23rd of September 2022 in Busan, Republic of Korea. This was the firs…
- [Marine plastic pollution in Trondheims neighbourhood](https://blog.indecol.no/marine-plastic-pollution-in-trondheims-neighborhood.md) - When thinking about marine plastic litter, which has become one of the most pressing environmental issues, many people may think first about piles of waste in Africa or Asia. However, the pollution can be closer than you think. As the crow flies it is less than 100 km from Trondheim to Eider AS Mau…
- [Sharing our research at the 14th ISIE SEM conference](https://blog.indecol.no/sharing-our-research-at-the-14th-isie-sem-conference.md) - On the 19-21 September, the Socioeconomic metabolism (SEM) section of the International Society of Industrial Ecology (ISIE) organized the 14th ISIE SEM conference in Vienna. Co-organized by the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), the University of Natural Resources and Life Science,…
- [Research visit in Hawaii](https://blog.indecol.no/research-visit-in-hawaii.md) - Francesca Verones spent July and August 2022 on Oahu and Big Island, Hawaii for a research visit to continue working on the issues of how plastic pollution is affecting the marine ecosystem. She focused especially on how plastic and invasive species are perceived to impact important marine ecosyste…
- [Early career ocean scientists at conference in St. Johns, Canada](https://blog.indecol.no/early-career-ocean-scientists-at-conference-in-st-johns-canada.md) - In July, Marthe Høiberg had the pleasure to attend the fourth ICES/PICES Early Career Scientist Conference, taking place in St. Johns on Newfoundland, Canada. As revealed by the name, this is a conference dedicated to giving a platform to young researchers and encourage their involvement specifical…
- [ATLANTIS at the Copenhagen SETAC conference](https://blog.indecol.no/atlantis-at-the-copenhagen-setac-conference.md) - Several members of the ATLANTIS project attended the SETAC Europe 32nd annual meeting in Copenhagen this year. We presented our recent progress in the development of characterisation factors for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and the MarINvaders toolkit and database, meanwhile we were inspired…
- [Two IndEcol professors appointed to International panels](https://blog.indecol.no/two-indecol-professors-appointed-to-internationals-panels-2.md) - IndEcol is proud to share the latest appointments of professors Francesco Cherubini and Edgar Hertwich to two new International panels positions. With their scientific expertise, they are going to contribute to climate related projects, as described below. Norwegian SciTech News also featured Indus…
- [Green growth now](https://blog.indecol.no/green-growth-now.md) - Summary: Concerned about economic growth, China and India weakened the COP26 Glasgow Climate Pact. Our research suggests decarbonization and growth are independent processes. Delaying one to achieve the other is unnecessary and a wasteful detour. Nobody in the rich world can blame developing countr…
- [How dematerialization could cut hard-to-abate emissions by a third, or more](https://blog.indecol.no/how-dematerialization-could-cut-hard-to-abate-emissions-by-a-third-or-more.md) - The production of materials causes a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing the use of materials through a more intense utilization of products such as homes or cars, or the construction of lighter and smaller products, will also reduce the energy needed to provide services such as sh…
- [New publication: Global distribution of potential impact hotspots for marine plastic debris entanglement](https://blog.indecol.no/new-publication-global-distribution-of-potential-impact-hotspots-for-marine-plastic-debris-entanglement.md) - An important component of the ATLANTIS project is the development of global models for impacts of plastic debris on marine ecosystems, in accordance with the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) framework. As a means towards achieving this goal, we have developed an indicator of potential macroplast…
- [A new framework to model marine plastic litter impacts in LCIA models](https://blog.indecol.no/a-new-framework-to-model-marine-plastic-litter-impacts-in-lcia-models.md) - Although marine plastic pollution is a well-recognized and highly visible problem, impact models for most of the main impacts from plastic litter are still lacking within Life Cycle Assessment. To coordinate research progress, and to ensure that the impacts are modelled in a harmonized way, Woods e…
- [Green and cool? Office buildings in hot countries](https://blog.indecol.no/green-and-cool-office-buildings-in-hot-countries.md) - Why are hot countries important for the building sector? What are the greenhouse gas emissions associated with office buildings? And finally, how can we decrease them?
- [PhD candidate: human impacts on marine ecosystem service](https://blog.indecol.no/phd-candidate-fei.md) - Humans have been utilizing oceans for centuries, yet little is know about the impacts raised by anthropogenic stressors. This PhD program is about to develop models quantifying human's impacts, especially invasive species and marine plastic debris, on ecosystem services within the LCIA framework.
- [Climate protection and development in the Global South](https://blog.indecol.no/climate-protection-and-development-in-the-global-south.md) - Nobody is as affected by the damaging forces of climate change as underdeveloped countries, but these countries face a paradox as they try to mitigate their CO2 emissions. Improving the lives of their citizens will increase the demand for energy and materials — which in turn will make climate chang…
- [PhD candidate modelling impacts of marine invasive species](https://blog.indecol.no/phd-candidate-will-model-impacts-of-marine-invasive-species.md) - "My goal is to distinguish introduction pathways of invasive species in marine environments and quantify the impacts of invasive species on marine ecosystems"
- [Mammals and power lines – a problem?](https://blog.indecol.no/mammals-and-power-lines-a-problem.md) - We already know that power lines can impact biodiversity, for instance birds. But – actually – most of our knowledge is based on birds! Other animal groups (or plants!) do not get as much attention [1,2]. But in this post, we’ll put a spotlight on mammals. Similarly to birds, mammals can get electr…
- [Master theses at Indecol (part I)](https://blog.indecol.no/master-thesis-at-indecol.md) - Where is the wood? System analysis of a Norwegian sawmill company, by Miguel de las Heras CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND RESOURCES The goal of this project is to map the use of wood by Inntre Kjeldstad, a sawmill company with several plants distributed along the Trøndelag region. The MFA model created is als…
- [NTNU Ocean Week 2021](https://blog.indecol.no/ntnu-ocean-week-2021.md) - Today is the first day of Ocean Week 2021, which is an annual conference hosted by one of NTNU's four strategic research areas, NTNU Oceans. The conference serves as a contribution to Norway's role as a maritime nation, and every year they invite researchers, policy makers, innovators and citizens…
- [Why do Materials Matter for Global Climate Action?](https://blog.indecol.no/why-do-materials-matter-for-global-climate-action.md) - On 15-16 April 2021 the World Circular Economy Forum + Climate (WCEF) was held. The virtual summit was organized jointly by the Netherlands’ Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra. The WCEF aimed to draw attention to th…
- [So what’s the story with birds and power lines?](https://blog.indecol.no/birds-power-lines.md) - You’d think that birds, which often sit on power lines, wouldn’t mind them. However, power lines affect birds in several ways. Firstly, they act as an artificial barrier. Did you know that power lines kill millions of birds every year? [1,2,3]. In fact, scientists estimated that between 12-64 milli…
- [First ATLANTIS workshop](https://blog.indecol.no/first-atlantis-workshop.md) - On 24 March 2021 the first, virtual, ATLANTIS workshop was held. The workshop had almost 30 attendees and a very diverse speaker list from around the world. After a general introduction into the project, life cycle assessment and the current framework for including plastic waste into life cycle imp…
- [Five Indecol Professors featured in World’s top 2% scientist list](https://blog.indecol.no/five-indecol-professors-featured-in-worlds-top-2-scientist-list.md) - Standford University has recently released a list that identified the top 2 percent of the world’s nearly 7 million working scientist in various disciplines. The database provides standardized information on citations, h-index, co-authorship-adjusted hm-index, citations to papers in different autho…
- [Announcement of the first ATLANTIS workshop](https://blog.indecol.no/announcement-of-the-first-atlantis-workshop.md) - We are excited to announce the first workshop for the ATLANTIS project on 24th March 6pm CET. The aim of this online workshop is to present the project and some preliminary results to an audience of interested persons, to inform stakeholders about the ongoing work, but also to get feedback and inpu…
- [Presentation in the Sano Sustainability Webinar Series](https://blog.indecol.no/presentation-in-the-sano.md) - Francesca has been invited to present the ATLANTIS project and the MariLCA initiative on 17 March 2021 , 11:15 GMT. This is a webinar series from the African Waste Academy, presenting each week a different speaker connected to the issue of plastic waste in the ocean. Una comparación útil de camiset…
- [Plastic in fisheries and aquaculture floods to Norwegian sea](https://blog.indecol.no/plastic-in-fisheries-and-aquaculture-floods-to-norwegian-sea.md) - Which item in your life can be a common pollutant? If you were being questioned, you may immediately think of Plastic. Yes, plastic is very widely used in our life and pollution due to plastic has been an emerging, global environmental problem in the past few decades. Among all the issues linked to…
- [New PhD candidate: modelling impacts of energy systems on biodiversity in Norway](https://blog.indecol.no/new-phd-candidate-modelling-impacts-of-energy-systems-on-biodiversity-in-norway.md) - Hei! My name is Dafna Gilad and I just recently joined the Industrial Ecology Programme in the Department of Energy and Process Engineering at NTNU. With background in ecology and conservation biology, the promotion of wildlife conservation has always been important to me: I participated in nature…
- [The ocean plastic pollution from a Norwegian perspective](https://blog.indecol.no/the-ocean-plastic-pollution-from-a-norwegian-perspective.md) - There is no doubt that the increasing plastic pollution of the world's oceans has also reached Norway. Plastic bottles, fishing nets and countless other plastic items can now be found even on the most remote coastline stretches in the far north of Norway and are no longer only a problem of heavily…
- [SANO Excursion 1H2021](https://blog.indecol.no/sano-excursion-1h2021.md) - … is calling on master’s students, PhD candidates and other young researchers in South Africa and in Norway to join forces in combating plastic waste and preventing marine pollution. To succeed in this fight, before it is too late, we need more data and new knowledge as a foundation for decisive ac…
- [Two presentations from ATLANTIS team members](https://blog.indecol.no/two-presentations-from-atlantis-team-members.md) - In the beginning of November, Marthe had the opportunity to present her ongoing work with marine plastic debris entanglement through a seminar called Ocean talks. This series of seminars is hosted by the student organization NTNU Ocean Club at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in T…
- [EXIOBASE update: v3.8](https://blog.indecol.no/exiobase-update-v3-8.md) - We just released a new update for the EXIOBASE 3 MRIO time-series of monetary tables: v3.8.
- [Less material use = better climate](https://blog.indecol.no/less-material-use-better-climate.md) - Material production accounts for close to a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions, but receives little attention compared to energy, meat, or deforestation. In a new report for the International Resource Panel, we show that reducing the use of emissions-intensive materials such as metals and c…
- [Webinar on National Guidance for Plastic Pollution Hotspotting and Shaping Action](https://blog.indecol.no/webinar-on-national-guidance-for-plastic-pollution-hotspotting-and-shaping-action.md) - On October 1 we attended a very interesting Webinar hosted by UN Environment and IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature). “National Guidance for Plastic Pollution Hotspotting and Shaping Action” is a project of the life cycle initiative hosted by UN Environment, UCN, together with…
- [New PhD candidate for modelling impacts of marine plastics](https://blog.indecol.no/new-phd-candidate-for-modelling-impacts-of-marine-plastics.md) - My name is Marthe Alnes Høiberg, and I am a new PhD student at the Industrial Ecology Programme in the Department of Energy and Process Engineering at NTNU. I have a background in biology and industrial ecology, and I have always had a strong fascination for the ocean and an interest in working for…
- [LC-IMPACT: a new spatially differentiated life cycle impact assessment method](https://blog.indecol.no/lc-impact-a-new-spatially-differentiated-life-cycle-impact-assessment-method.md) - LC-IMPACT was originally a project financed by the seventh framework program of the European Union. During the project many new models and approaches for assessing impacts on ecosystems and human health within a life cycle assessment framework were developed. However, an overarching combination of…
- [SETAC SciCon: a virtual conference](https://blog.indecol.no/setac-scicon-a-virtual-conference.md) - The SETAC (Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Europe Annual meeting was supposed to take place in Dublin this year. Due to the situation with the Coronavirus, the conference could of course not be held as planned. Instead of canceling the conference, the organizers decided to trans…
- [Exiobase3](https://blog.indecol.no/exiobase3.md) - EXIOBASE 3 is the culmination of work in the FP7 DESIRE project (www.fp7desire.eu) and builds upon earlier work on EXIOBASE 2 in the FP7 CREEA projected (www.creea.eu) and the FP6 EXIOPOL project. The papers describing the work in EXIOBASE 3 are coming out at Journal of Industrial Ecology (https://…
- [Science Cannot Stop Global Warming](https://blog.indecol.no/science-cannot-stop-global-warming.md) - With current efforts or those committed to under the Paris agreement, there is absolutely no chance that humanity will limit the warming of the Earth’s surface to an average of 1.5 degrees Celsius. This finding emerges from a special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on…
- [Metals use tied to economic upswings](https://blog.indecol.no/will-more-expensive-metals-impede-economic-growth-in-the-us.md) - Will more expensive metals impede economic growth in the US? As the US government justifies new tariffs on steel and aluminum imports with their military importance, the role of metals in society comes into focus. New research shows that metals are an important ingredient in economic upswings. Conv…
- [Energy efficiency offers win-win for climate, health, and ecosystems](https://blog.indecol.no/energy-efficiency-offers-win-win-for-climate-health-and-ecosystems.md) - A potential increase in metal consumption emerges as only concern in a broad-based investigation of the clean-energy transition The history of environmental protection is full of unforeseen consequences: taller chimneys only led to pollutants spreading wide and far, and safe refrigerants replacing…
- [How to force down the US climate impact](https://blog.indecol.no/how-to-force-down-the-us-climate-impact.md) - While Donald Trump withdraws the US from the Paris climate agreement, the world has tools to reduce the US carbon footprint As the world is in shock about Donald Trump’s erratic but not unexpected decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris climate accord, reactions range from the denial…
- [Does ‘green energy’ have hidden health and environmental costs?](https://blog.indecol.no/does-green-energy-have-hidden-health-and-environmental-costs.md) - Edgar Hertwich, Yale University; Anders Arvesen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Sangwon Suh, University of California, Santa Barbara, and Thomas Gibon, Norwegian University of Science and Technology There are a number of available low-carbon technologies to generate electricity. Bu…
- [The Carbon Footprint of Capital](https://blog.indecol.no/the-carbon-footprint-of-capital.md) - We think of capital, the assets we use in production, as heavy: machines, buildings, infrastructure, trucks and railroads. Being composed mostly of cement and steel, we would expect their production to cause a lot of greenhouse gas emissions. In a new paper, we offer a first detailed analysis of th…
- [Alternative climate theory in shatters](https://blog.indecol.no/alternative-climate-theory-in-shatters.md) - An alternative theory for climate change based on the influence of cosmic radiation lead to prominent predictions of an imminent cooling of global temperatures. Three years after the book by Fritz Vahrenholt and Sebastian Lüning was a bestseller in Germany and translated into English, its predictio…
- [Industrial Ecology – Reflexions](https://blog.indecol.no/industrial-ecology-reflexions.md) - The entire team of PhD students, PostDocs and professors on the steps of the main building, 17 October 2014 In 2003, I moved to Trondheim to become Director of the Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol) of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). In 2015, I have moved on to head t…
- [Carbon pricing improves economics of energy](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-pricing-improves-economics-of-energy.md) - The Economics of Energy – What is the cost-effectiveness of energy and climate policies? In a panel debate with key European policy makers hosted by GE and organized by ScienceBusiness; I emphasized the need to more systematically internalize environmental costs, which we have enumerated in recent…
- [We can reach 2°C if we *replace* polluting technology](https://blog.indecol.no/we-can-reach-2degc-if-we-replace-polluting-technology.md) - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that hope is not forsaken: rigorous climate politics locally and nationally has spurred development of new technology sooner than expected. Increased pressure in the pursuit of climate protection is still required to reach the 2°C Target. Carbon B…
- [Breathe easier with renewable energy](https://blog.indecol.no/breathe-easier-with-renewable-energy.md) - If we want to limit air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while meeting unmet demand in developing countries, renewable electricity is a promising option, as our new research shows. By Edgar Hertwich, Thomas Gibon and Anders Arvesen, NTNU The use of fossil energy sources has made it pos…
- [What’s new in the IPCC report](https://blog.indecol.no/whats-new-in-the-ipcc-report.md) - After 4 years of intensive work, the fifth assessment report of climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has finally been published. It says that it is urgent to begin reducing emissions, otherwise we will not be able to stay below the articulated limit of two degree t…
- [Carbon footprint of hydro power](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-footprint-of-hydro-power.md) - I took a deep breath after a brisk climb up the soft hill near the border to Sweden. The sun peaked out under the clouds and the light was beautifully reflected by the water of Nesjøen, while reindeer was munching away on delicious blueberries a little further down the ridge. The reservoir below co…
- [Ecological tragedy, economic naiveté](https://blog.indecol.no/ecological-tragedy-economic-naivete.md) - The tragic extinction of species, from the black rhinoceros to plants remaining undiscovered, is unfortunately one of the hallmarks of humans on the planet. This week, the Trondheim Conference of Biodiversity celebrated its 20 year anniversary by gathering 400 scientists and international negotiato…
- [Rich Pressure Poor Ecosystems](https://blog.indecol.no/rich-pressure-poor-ecosystems.md) - I just returned from my weekly trip to the supermarket: in addition to Kenyan roses, Brazilian melons, Israeli oranges, Dutch tomatoes, Kiwis from New Zealand, and potatoes from Saudi Arabia (!), I have, for the first time, found minced beef from Botswana, sold for just over half the price of the N…
- [Germany: Solar influence on climate in public spotlight](https://blog.indecol.no/germany-solar-influence-on-climate-in-public-spotlight.md) - Surprisingly, a book co-written by a well-known former German environmental activist presents a strong revisionist story and is able to capture both headlines and spot on the best-seller list. I read the book “The cold sun: why the climate catastrophe is not happen” by Fritz Vahrenholt and Sebastia…
- [Extinction footprints](https://blog.indecol.no/extinction-footprints.md) - It is a sad result of human civilisation that we are driving other species into extinction. A new study highlights the main driving forces – rich countries’ consumption. Humans have always affected their environment. Environmental history is littered with stories of modifications of the environment…
- [Guarantees of origin and their misuse in carbon footprint calculations](https://blog.indecol.no/guarantees-of-origin-and-their-misuse-in-carbon-footprint-calculations.md) - In the development of the international standard for product carbon footprint analysis, there are now forces arguing that so-called guarantees of origin (GO) should be used to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions associated with electricity. This sound innocuous, but one should not be deceived by…
- [Unsustainable Developments](https://blog.indecol.no/unsustainable-developments.md) - It seems like we right now are running hard from facing the truths and some associated pain, and that in at least two instances that are striking for their similarities: the global financial crisis and climate change. Let me begin with the financial crisis. The main problem of the financial crisis…
- [PC and TV purchases shape EEE carbon footprint](https://blog.indecol.no/pc-and-tv-purchases-shape-eee-carbon-footprint.md) - The rapid proliferation of electronic entertainment and communication equipment has eclipsed traditional household appliances like washing machines and refrigerators as the equipment with the highest residential carbon footprint; apart from heating, hot water and lighting. The Norwegian state broad…
- [Carbon Footprint 1990-2008](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-footprint-1990-2008.md) - We present now a time series of carbon footprints in the Ranking tab. Our data lets you trace the development of carbon footprints over the period 1990-2008. You need an Adope Flash player installed to see this. This data represents national CO2 emissions corrected for trade and shows that some cou…
- [Emissions from consumption may offset reported carbon emission reductions in industrialized countries](https://blog.indecol.no/emissions-from-consumption-may-offset-reported-carbon-emission-reductions-in-industrialized-countries.md) - An increasing share of global emissions is from the production of internationally traded goods and services, according to a new study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Due to current reporting practices, this has allowed some countries to increase their carbon…
- [Recognition for the Carbon Footprint](https://blog.indecol.no/recognition-for-the-carbon-footprint.md) - NATURE recently recognized the work presented in this web page, and more specifically the Carbon Footprint of Nations paper. In the category ‘Community choice – the most viewed papers in science’, the paper was reviewed under the title Where greenhouse gases start. At the same time, we got word tha…
- [The Carbon Footprint of Municipalities](https://blog.indecol.no/the-carbon-footprint-of-municipalities.md) - A consumption-based account of greenhouse gas emissions reveals true climate impacts of public services. Analysis based on the environmental impacts of consumption often focuses on household consumption. Some consumption, however, is provided by public authorities and paid for through taxes, not pr…
- [Contributing to the IPCC](https://blog.indecol.no/contributing-to-the-ipcc.md) - I have the great honor to be selected to serve on the IPCC as lead author of the fifth assessment report. It has always been my desire to contribute to addressing environmental problems. Climate Science is fascinating – the ways scientists have found to tease out evidence about past climate are ama…
- [UN Resource Panel highlights food and fossil fuel as global problems](https://blog.indecol.no/un-resource-panel-highlights-food-and-fossil-fuel-as-global-problems.md) - It was my big day in Brussels: The deputy director of the United Nations Environment Programme, Angela Kropper, and the EU’s Commissioner for the Environment, Janez Potocnik, were there for the launch of our report, The Environmental Impact of Production and Consumption: Priority Products and Mater…
- [Carbon footprint calculation methods matter for policy](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-footprint-calculation-methods-matter-for-policy.md) - Recently, the idea of monitoring the carbon footprint of a nation as one option for climate policy has found its way into the legislative process in the UK. A Private Members Bill has been put forward in the House of Lords – the Bill seeks to put in place a consumer emissions target (the current UK…
- [Carbon Footprint – Updated](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-footprint-updated.md) - A recent update of our study on the carbon footprint of nations highlights the role of China, Russia, the USA and the EU. Steven Davis and Ken Caldeira have just published an analysis of the carbon footprint of nations using the GTAP 7 database, allowing for a comparison of the years 2004 and 2001.…
- [Top Environmental Policy Paper](https://blog.indecol.no/top-environmental-policy-paper.md) - The Carbon Footprint of Nations has been recognized as the Top Environmental Policy Paper in 2009 by Environmental Science & Technology (announcement). It is a big honor for us to win that award. ES&T is the most important journal in environmental science and environmental technology, publishing 15…
- [Sharing the atmosphere](https://blog.indecol.no/sharing-the-atmosphere.md) - The Climate Conference in Copenhagen has ended as expected: with a political declaration instead of a legally binding agreement. Nonetheless, there seems to be wide-spread disappointment among the public. Commentators are busy portioning out blame for the failure of the negotiations, where the U.S.…
- [Exported Emissions at COP15](https://blog.indecol.no/exported-emissions-at-cop15.md) - The Guardian and industry actors call for considering Carbon Embodied in Trade as part of a climate deal at Copenhagen. On December 7, 2009, 56 newspapers from 20 countries published a joint editorial calling world leaders to use the 14 days of climate negotiations in Copenhagen in order to come to…
- [The Environmental Footprint of Biofuels](https://blog.indecol.no/the-environmental-footprint-of-biofuels.md) - A new UN report emphasizes the importance of addressing land use, water, and biodiversity impacts of biofuels. The jury is now in on biofuels: Current government mandates in the United States, Europe and other countries to blend biofuels into ordinary car fuels cause substantial environmental damag…
- [Carbon Market Promises and Woes](https://blog.indecol.no/carbon-market-promises-and-woes.md) - Economists argue that the carbon market suffices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and attack additional policy tools for increasing mitigation costs. Time to look at how the carbon market works in practice! In my last blog I have pointed to the campaign of a few Norwegian economistsagainst climat…
- [Hurra for Green Electricity!](https://blog.indecol.no/hurra-for-green-electricity.md) - Some economists argue that support for renewable electricity leads to more coal power. Their reasoning is curiously flawed and oversees the crucial role of technological learning. A curious discussion about climate policy has arisen in Norway now that the country has agreed with Sweden to join Swed…
- [Can Technology Spare the Earth?](https://blog.indecol.no/can-technology-spare-the-earth.md) - The IPCC says that we need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80 % by 2050 to achieve the goal of limit global warming to not more than 2°C, agreed to by the EU and the G8. Recent research indicates that the cumulative emissions in the period 2000-2050 should be not more than 1000 billi…
- [What does the Carbon Footprint mean?](https://blog.indecol.no/what-does-the-carbon-footprint-mean.md) - Many people have asked how a country’s carbon footprint compares to the territorial emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)? In hindsight, it was perhaps remiss of us not to include this data in the paper. However, it was not our motivation. Focusing…
- [News Stories on Carbon Footprint of Nations](https://blog.indecol.no/news-stories-on-carbon-footprint-of-nations.md) - A good week has gone since the release of the website and the online version of our article. A number of news outlets picked up the story, including the venerable Neue Züricher Zeitung (Switzerland) and the tabloid VG (Norway). It was really interesting to discuss our research with numerous journal…

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